KAMPALA THE VIBRANT CAPITAL OF UGANDA.
Kampala: A Thriving Metropolis Rich in History, Culture, and Natural Beauty
Kampala, a bustling metropolis, is a city where history, culture, and natural beauty converge, all enhanced by the warm hospitality of its diverse ethnic communities and its rolling hills, serene lakes, vibrant markets, and lively nightlife.
Join JT Safaris UG on an unforgettable journey through the city’s iconic landmarks, cultural experiences, and rich history. From exploring bustling markets to delving into the social life of its inhabitants, our tours offer a comprehensive view of what makes Kampala truly special. Whether you’re a history buff, a foodie, or an adventure seeker, Kampala has something to captivate everyone.
A Brief History of Kampala City.
Kampala was founded in the 19th century. Originally, it served as the capital of the Buganda Kingdom. This area was frequently visited by various species of antelopes, especially the impalas.
In 1890, Captain Frederick Lugard, an ambitious administrator with the Imperial British East Africa Company, arrived in the Buganda Kingdom during the reign of Kabaka Mwanga II. Upon his arrival, Lugard negotiated a treaty of protection on behalf of the British government, securing British control over Buganda’s capital.
Lugard was granted land near Mengo Hill, a strategic location that became Old Kampala Hill. Here, he constructed Fort Lugard, which soon evolved into the headquarters of the British colonial administration. From this stronghold, the British asserted their dominance over nearby kingdoms, including Ankole and Bunyoro, expanding their influence across the region that would become Uganda.
An interesting tale is that the hill where Lugard settled was abundant with impalas, a type of antelope. The British referred to it as the “Hill of Impalas,” which the local inhabitants translated to Kasozi ka Mpala, later shortened to Kampala—giving rise to the name of Uganda’s future capital city. During the colonial period, Entebbe served as the official capital of Uganda, while Kampala became the vibrant commercial, communication, and industrial hub for the colonial rulers. Over the years, Kampala’s significance continued to grow, thus, by October 9, 1962, the day Uganda gained its independence, the capital was officially moved from Entebbe to Kampala, marking its rise to prominence as the heart of the newly independent nation.
The must-visit places of Kampala City.
Nakasero Market.
Nakasero Market is a hub of commerce and culinary delights in Kampala, offering a sensory wonderland where vibrant colors, enticing aromas, and lively chatter converge to create an unforgettable experience. Located at the foot of Nakasero Hill, about 50 meters off Entebbe Road, is one of the oldest in the capital.It was officially established in 1927 in the heart of Kampala and has since grown to become a key center for fresh produce, household goods, and vibrant local trade. Its rich history reflects the evolution of Kampala as a commercial center.
As you stroll through the market, you’ll experience the chaotic energy of shopping, with sounds coming from every corner and the sight of pyramids of fruits like mangoes, pineapples, watermelons, and more, creating an appealing visual impression.
From the gentle haggling to the warm smiles, the market’s energy is infectious, making you feel like part of the community.
Old Kampala National Mosque: Gaddafi mosque.
In the heart of Kampala, a majestic structure towers above the city’s bustling streets, inviting all who appreciate architectural beauty and cultural diversity. The Gaddafi Mosque is a striking symbol of Uganda’s rich history and vibrant, multicultural society, thriving in a predominantly Christian country.
As you approach, the mosque’s towering minaret immediately catches your eye, showcasing a blend of architectural styles that stand out against the cityscape. The exterior, with its gleaming white marble and intricate tile work, is nothing short of breathtaking.
Inside, soft golden light filters through stained glass windows, casting delicate rainbow-like patterns on the polished marble floors, creating an ambiance of elegance and serenity.
Climbing the minaret—a key feature known for the muezzin’s call to prayer—offers one of the best panoramic views of Kampala. From this high point, you can see all the main roads. weaving through the city and the famous seven hills of Kampala: Old Kampala Hill, Namirembe Hill, Lubaga Hill, Kibuli Hill, Nakasero Hill, Makerere Hill, and Mulago Hill. Each hill has its own story, contributing to the rich tapestry that makes up the city of Kampala.
EXPLORE THE SEVEN HILLS OF KAMPALA.
Old Kampala hill.
Old Kampala Hill, located southwest of Kampala city, has a rich history. The hill was initially inhabited by the Baganda people. When Captain Frederick Lugard arrived in 1891, he established Fort Lugard on the hill, marking the beginning of colonial administration in the region.
Throughout the early 20th century, the British built several government buildings, churches, and residences on Old Kampala Hill, which became a hub for colonial administration.
After Uganda’s independence in 1962, Old Kampala continued to serve as a site for government offices and institutions. Notable landmarks on the hill include the Uganda Muslim Supreme Council Mosque (Gaddafi National Mosque), Old Kampala Hospital, Old Kampala Senior Secondary School, and the historical Fort Lugard.
Nakasero hill.
The hill derived its name from a group of ladies who used to weave baskets (locally called Ebisero) in this area. Because of this, many people began to refer to it as Ewobusero, which was later modified to Nakasero. The hill is now home to Kampala’s central business district and several government offices, including the Parliament of Uganda.
Nakasero Hill became significant during the colonial period, starting in the early 20th century when the British used it as a strategic location for administrative and military purposes. While not known to have been a sacred site for the Baganda people, Nakasero Hill became a key area of development as British colonialists established residences and government offices on its slopes.
In the 1910s and 1920s, Indian traders and merchants contributed to the growth of Kampala, particularly around the Nakasero Market area, though they did not predominantly settle on Nakasero Hill itself.
After World War II, Nakasero Hill and its surrounding areas expanded as commercial centers, with the market growing and new businesses emerging. In the 1960s and 1970s, Nakasero Hill remained an important part of Kampala’s post-independence development.
Mulago hill.
Mulago originates from the Ganda word “Omulago,” referring to a traditional local medicinal herb believed to protect against evil spirits.
In 1913, the British established a hospital on the hill, which eventually became Mulago National Referral Hospital, one of the largest and most respected medical facilities in Uganda. The hospital expanded significantly in the 1950s and 1960s, becoming a major referral center for the country.
During the 1970s and 1980s, under Idi Amin’s regime, Mulago Hospital suffered from neglect and decline, though it continued to serve the community. Since the 1990s, Mulago Hill has undergone significant renovations and modernization, restoring its position as a center of excellence in medical care and training. Today, Mulago Hill is home to Mulago Hospital and Makerere University Medical School, making it a hub of medical expertise and innovation in Uganda and East Africa.
Mengo hill.
The name Mengo is derived from the Luganda word for grinding stones (“Emengo”) used by the traditional Baganda to grind grains, nuts, and seeds. According to legend, early migrant communities from the Sese Islands who settled around the hill used these stones for grinding.
In 1966, Prime Minister Milton Obote ordered an attack on the Lubiri, the royal palace, with the forces led by Idi Amin. This attack resulted in the exile of Kabaka Mutesa II and the abolition of the monarchy under the 1967 Republican Constitution. Following the exile, the palace was converted into military barracks, until the 1990s.
In 1993, the Buganda Kingdom was restored, with Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II, the son of Mutesa II, as the king. Today, Mengo Hill remains the seat of the Kabaka of Buganda and is an enduring symbol of the kingdom’s cultural heritage.
Notable landmarks near Mengo Hill include:
Mengo palace. Lubiri
The Lubiri, first built in 1885 by Kabaka Mwanga II, serves as the official residence of the reigning king of the Buganda Kingdom. The palace underwent renovation in 1922 during the reign of Kabaka Daudi Chwa II.
The Lubiri is a magnificent historical and cultural site, offering a visually striking impression with its architecture and the expansive skies above. Leading up to the palace is Kabaka Anjagala Road, lined with candlenut trees. The name Kabaka Anjagala, which means “the King loves me” in Luganda, is said to symbolize the strong connection between the Kabaka and his people.
Kabaka’s lake.
Kabaka’s Lake, locally known as Kayanja Ka Kabaka, is the largest man-made lake in East and Central Africa. Under the orders of Kabaka Mwanga II, the lake was dug in 1885 to create a channel from to Lake Victoria . He also wanted to travel to his other place at Mulungu as well as an escape route from colonialists. Howeverthe plans to reach Munyonyo was never fully completed since some christians revolted against the kakaba leading to a religious war.
The lake has an island where the Kabaka Mwanga II used to sit and relax. Today it is a favorite spot for birdwatchers, with a variety of bird species, including the marabou stork, yellow-billed stork, African open-billed stork, long-tailed cormorant, black-headed weaver, and great blue starling, among others.
Idi Amin’s Dungeon.
Idi Amin’s Torture Chambers (1970s):
In the 1970s, under Idi Amin’s regime, several torture chambers were established, most notoriously in Nakasero and Makindye. These facilities were designed with multiple cells where political opponents were tortured with methods such as electrified water and, in some cases, hanging. The likelihood of surviving these chambers was extremely low, and the bodies of those who died were often dumped in public places around Kampala to instill fear in potential dissidents. It is estimated that around 19,000 people were tortured and killed in these chambers under Amin, though the total death toll during his regime is believed to be much higher, ranging between 100,000 to 500,000. Following Amin’s overthrow in 1979, Milton Obote in his second term (1980–1985) used some of these sites, and during this period, around 6,000 more people were reportedly killed in similar circumstances, bringing the total death toll associated with these chambers to around 25,000.
Bulange Building (1953–1958):
The Bulange building, located on Mengo Hill, serves as the administrative headquarters of the Buganda Kingdom. It is decorated with symbols representing the 52 clans of Buganda and portraits of the former kings (Kabakas) of the kingdom. The original Bulange was built in 1885 but was destroyed in 1900. The construction of the Bulange building began in 1953 and was completed in 1958, funded primarily by the Buganda Kingdom. The building was designed by British architect Ernest G. Carr and remains a significant historical and cultural symbol for the Buganda people.
Namirembe Hill.
Namirembe Hill derives its name from the Luganda word “Mirembe,” meaning “peace.” The hill is home to the stunning Namirembe Cathedral, also known as St. Paul’s Cathedral.
In the late 19th century, Christian missionaries arrived in Uganda to spread Christianity and promote civilization among the Buganda Kingdom and neighboring states. In 1875, Kabaka Mutesa I met the British explorer Henry Morton Stanley, who published an appeal on Mutesa’s behalf, encouraging the British to send missionaries to Buganda. This led to the arrival of both Anglican and Catholic missionaries.
After Kabaka Mutesa I’s death, his successor, Kabaka Mwanga II (1884–1897), granted a portion of land on Namirembe Hill to the Anglican Church Missionary Society. Bishop Alfred Tucker, a British missionary, who had a vision of building a grand cathedral on the hill. Despite numerous challenges, including storms and fires that destroyed earlier churches built in 1890, 1894, and 1904, the current cathedral was completed in 1919.
Today, Namirembe Cathedral stands as a testament to the determination and perseverance of those who sought to establish a lasting place of worship on Namirembe Hill.
Upon completion, the place became the main place of worship for the Anglican church in Uganda.
Kololo hill.
Kololo Hill, one of the highest and most prominent hills in Kampala, holds cultural and political significance, though its name’s origin is debated. Unlike other hills in the city associated with the Buganda Kingdom, the name “Kololo” is often said to have been derived from a Luo phrase meaning “I am left here alone,” attributed to Rwot Awich, the paramount chief of the Payiira clan of the Acholi people. This connection, however, is not strongly supported by historical records and maybe a local legend.
Rwot Awich is known for his resistance to British colonialism in 1911 when he rebelled against the imposition of British rule in northern Uganda. Although he was eventually captured by the British in 1912 and exiled, his role in resisting colonialism is a key part of northern Uganda’s history. While Omukama Kabalega and Kabaka Mwanga II resisted British rule, their rebellions occurred earlier, between 1897 and 1899, and they were captured in 1899, marking the end of their fight against colonial forces.
The name “Kololo” may be tied to various stories, but the exact origin remains unclear. Kololo Hill today stands as a prominent area in Kampala, known for its political and residential significance.
Notable landmarks around Kololo Hill.
As you move or drive around Kololo Hill, you can feel a sense of pride and ownership. The hill has scenic views, lush greenery, and historic landmarks that evoke a deep connection to the land and its people.
The Uganda National Museum.
Nestled near Kololo Hill, the Uganda National Museum is a testament to the country’s rich cultural heritage. Established in 1908, it is the oldest museum in East Africa and offers a fascinating glimpse into Uganda’s past, present, and future. Originally housed in a small building at Fort Lugard on Old Kampala Hill, the museum grew significantly over the years, relocating to its current home on Kitante Hill in 1954.
The museum’s collection is a vibrant showcase of ethnological artifacts, natural history, and traditional life, reflecting the diverse cultural heritage of Uganda. From ancient tools and weapons to colonial relics, visitors can explore various aspects of Uganda’s history through carefully curated displays. The natural history exhibits are equally captivating, featuring taxidermied animals, fossils, and minerals that tell the story of the region’s ecological evolution.
For research and study, the museum offers a well-stocked library and archives section. Visitors can also explore the gift shop, where handmade crafts, books, and souvenirs are available. A café and restaurant serve traditional Ugandan cuisine, providing a complete cultural experience. Music enthusiasts will find a special treat in the museum’s collection of traditional musical instruments, with live performances often held to bring Uganda’s musical heritage to life.
Centenary Park Monument.
Located along Jinja Road in Kampala, opposite the Electoral Commission headquarters, Centenary Park is home to an iconic monument commemorating the centenary celebrations of Kampala as a city. Designed by Sylvia Nyabiteeko Katende, an artist from Makerere University, in 2000, the monument symbolizes the city’s progress over 100 years, from its declaration as a township in 1900. The sculpture, featuring a treadmill protected by shields, also appears on the 20,000 Ugandan shillings note. However, the monument is under threat due to government plans to construct a two-phased flyover, which may affect Centenary Park.
Kololo Airstrip.
Constructed in 1936 at the behest of Governor Philip Euen Mitchell (1935–1940), Kololo Airstrip holds a significant place in Uganda’s history. It was the place where Uganda’s first independence celebrations took place in 1962, marking a pivotal moment in the nation’s journey to sovereignty. Kololo airstrip remains a symbol of Uganda’s progress and resilience.
Rubaga Hill
The hill is located on the western side of Kampala city, about 5 km from the capital.
Rubaga Hill, historically significant as one of the palaces of the Kabaka of Buganda in the 18th century, offers a rich blend of religious and cultural history. Kabaka Ndawula Nsobya, the 19th Kabaka of Buganda, ruled from this hill between 1724 and 1734. It also served as a strategic site for military expeditions planned by Buganda’s generals.
Today, Rubaga Hill is best known for Rubaga Cathedral, also known as St. Mary’s Cathedral. In 1889, Kabaka Mwanga II allocated the hill to the Catholic White Fathers seeking land to establish a church. The cathedral, perched atop the hill, provides a panoramic view of Kampala city, allowing visitors to see landmarks such as Kabaka’s Palace at Mengo Hill and Namirembe Cathedral at Namirembe Hill.
Cuisine in Kampala City.
Kampala is a culinary melting pot, offering a vibrant array of dishes that reflect Uganda’s rich cultural heritage and diverse geography. The city is home to numerous restaurants and street vendors that serve both local and international flavors in a variety of settings. Some of the popular spots include Café Javas, Lawns Restaurant, Khana Khazana, and the bustling street vendors at Owino Market. Other notable establishments such as Mammaland and Rahim Foods also add to the city’s rich culinary landscape.
Among the traditional Ugandan dishes you can savor are matooke (steamed green bananas), luwombo (a stew cooked in banana leaves), ugali (a maize-based staple), and roasted peanuts. Kampala’s dining scene also features specialties like goat luwombo, goat stew, and even the adventurous cricket luwombo—a dish made with stewed crickets wrapped in banana leaves.
As you stroll through the lively streets of Kampala, you’ll often encounter vendors selling Rolex—a beloved street food that has become an iconic part of the local food culture. A Rolex combines a freshly made chapati (flatbread) with eggs, sometimes mixed with vegetables, onions, or meat, and rolled up into a satisfying, portable snack. This simple yet delicious dish is a must-try for anyone exploring the flavors of the city.
Kampala’s food scene offers a feast for the senses, blending tradition and creativity in every bite.
Nightlife in Kampala.
Kampala’s nightlife offers a range of exciting experiences for visitors. The city has numerous venues, from trendy bars and clubs to rooftop lounges featuring live music. For those interested in local folk music, Kadongo Kamu provides an authentic experience.
As you explore these vibrant spots, you’ll encounter a captivating blend of traditional and modern entertainment. Enjoy live band performances, dynamic dance routines, and engaging drama, all showcasing the city’s rich cultural tapestry.
Some of the most notable places for music, dance, and drama include:
Ndere Cultural Center.
Ndere Cultural Center is a vibrant African cultural hub located on Kisaasi Road, about 5 kilometers from the heart of Kampala. The center is named after the “Endere,” a traditional musical instrument similar to a flute, known for its enchanting and versatile melodies. This instrument symbolizes beauty and is celebrated for its ability to convey a wide range of emotions—from sorrow and joy to love and loneliness.
At Ndere Cultural Center, visitors can immerse themselves in Uganda’s rich cultural heritage and explore the diverse traditions of East Africa. The center offers an engaging and lively experience, showcasing performances that blend traditional rhythms with contemporary flair.
As you conclude your Kampala City Tour, remember the warm smiles of its people, the rich flavors of the local cuisine, and the vibrant rhythms of traditional music. These experiences will leave you enriched, inspired, and eager to return for another unforgettable visit.
